Product Description
DMHUI brand cassette type nbr material oil seals for agricultural machinery drive axle reducer
HangZhou Top-Team Import And Export Trade Co., Ltd (Xihu (West Lake) Dis. County CZPT Mechanical Seal Factory), established in 1999, is a high-tech enterprise specializing in environment and high-end sealing products.
Our factory includes: R&D department, Sealing operation department, International trade department, Domestic trade department.
The major products are mainly include:
Hydraulic pump oil seal, Hydraulic motor oil seal, Combi oil seal, Cassette oil seal, Excavator bucket spindle oil seal, Wheel hub oil seal, Servo motor oil seal, Gearbox oil seal, Imperial oil seal, Hydraulic seal and so on.
So far, our products have been exported to more than 80 countries such as Germany, France, UK, USA, Canada, Netherlands, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Chile, Peru, South Africa and so on. All products are getting good praise from new and old customers.
Other sizes of COMBI oil seals:
| 1609001 | 165*190*17 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
| 1609002 | 170*186*7.5/10 | NBR | |
| 1657101 | 30*44*11 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
| 1657102 | 30*44*14 | NBR+AU | COMBISF13 |
| 1657109 | 30*44*14 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1657171 | 30*44*17 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF19 |
| 1657103 | 35*52*16 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
| 1657104 | 35*52*16 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1657107 | 35*52*17/18.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF |
| 1657111 | 37*52*14.6 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 16 0571 1 | 40*55*15.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 165711 | 40*58*10 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
| 1603002 | 40*60*18.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 16 0571 1 | 40*60*25 | NBR+AU | RWDR-KOMBI |
| 1603004 | 42*62*14 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
| 1603003 | 42*62*21.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1603005 | 45*60*16 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF8 |
| 165711 | 45*60*16/17 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF |
| 1603030 | 45*62*19 | NBR+AU | CONBI SF20 |
| 1603001 | 45*65*12 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
| 1603006 | 45*65*15 | NBR+AU+AU | COMBI SF1 |
| 1603014 | 45*65*18.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1603015 | 45*65*18.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 16 0571 1 | 45*65*18.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1603031 | 46*65*15.7 | NBR+AU | BF |
| 16 0571 1 | 46*65*21 | NBR+AU | RWDR-KOMBI |
| 1603007 | 46.15*80*16.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1603008 | 47.8/48.8*81.8*35 | NBR | |
| 165711 | 48*65*16.5 | VITON+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 165711 | 48*65*19 | NBR+VITON+AU | COMBI SF19 |
| 1604005 | 55*80*11 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
| 1604001 | 55*82*16.5 | NBR+PU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1604004 | 56*75*22.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF8 |
| 1604003 | 56*80*16 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1604006 | 58*80*16.5 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1604002 | 58*82*16 | VITON+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1605004 | 60*85*17.7 | NBR+AU | COMBI SF6 |
| 1605002 | 65*90*20 | VITON+NBR+AU | COMBI SF19 |
| 1605003 | 65*92*14 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
| 1606002 | 75*102*14 | NBR+AU | COMBI |
Factory pictures:
| Material: | NBR |
|---|---|
| Usage: | Engine, Transmission, Rear Axle |
| Lip: | Lips Type |
| Standard: | Standard |
| Structure: | Drive Axle Reducer Oil Seals Factory |
| Application: | Agricultural Machinery Drive Axle Reducer |
| Samples: |
US$ 15.58/Piece
1 Piece(Min.Order) | |
|---|
| Customization: |
Available
| Customized Request |
|---|
What are the safety considerations when working with axles, especially during repairs?
Working with axles, especially during repairs, requires careful attention to safety to prevent accidents and injuries. Here are some important safety considerations to keep in mind when working with axles:
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, gloves, and steel-toed boots. PPE helps protect against potential hazards such as flying debris, sharp edges, and accidental contact with heavy components.
2. Vehicle Stability:
Ensure that the vehicle is on a stable and level surface before working on the axles. Engage the parking brake and use wheel chocks to prevent unintended vehicle movement. The stability of the vehicle is crucial to maintain a safe working environment.
3. Lifting and Support:
Use proper lifting equipment, such as hydraulic jacks or vehicle lifts, to raise the vehicle safely. Follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for lifting points and weight capacities. Once the vehicle is lifted, support it securely with jack stands or other appropriate supports to prevent it from falling or shifting during repairs.
4. Lockout/Tagout:
If the repair work involves disconnecting or removing any electrical or mechanical components that could cause the axle or wheels to move, follow lockout/tagout procedures. This involves locking and tagging out the power source, so it cannot be accidentally energized while work is being performed.
5. Proper Tools and Equipment:
Use the correct tools and equipment for the job. Using improper tools or makeshift methods can lead to accidents and damage to the axle or surrounding components. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and recommended procedures for disassembling, repairing, and reassembling the axle.
6. Proper Torque and Tightening:
When reassembling the axle components, use a torque wrench to ensure that fasteners are tightened to the manufacturer’s specifications. Over-tightening or under-tightening can lead to component failure or damage. Follow the recommended torque values provided by the vehicle manufacturer.
7. Safe Handling of Heavy Components:
Axle components can be heavy and cumbersome. Use appropriate lifting techniques and equipment, such as hoists or lifting straps, to safely handle heavy axle parts. Avoid lifting heavy components alone whenever possible and ask for assistance when needed.
8. Proper Disposal of Fluids and Waste:
If the repair involves draining fluids from the axle, such as differential oil, ensure proper disposal according to local regulations. Use appropriate containers to collect and store fluids and dispose of them at authorized collection points.
9. Training and Experience:
Working with axles requires knowledge and experience. If you are unfamiliar with axle repairs, consider seeking assistance from a qualified mechanic or technician who has the necessary training and expertise. If you decide to perform the repairs yourself, ensure that you have the appropriate knowledge and skills to carry out the task safely.
By following these safety considerations, you can help minimize the risk of accidents, injuries, and damage when working with axles, ensuring a safe working environment for yourself and others involved in the repair process.
Can you recommend axle manufacturers known for durability and reliability?
When it comes to choosing axle manufacturers known for durability and reliability, there are several reputable companies in the automotive industry. While individual experiences and preferences may vary, the following axle manufacturers have a track record of producing high-quality products:
1. Dana Holding Corporation: Dana is a well-known manufacturer of axles, drivetrain components, and sealing solutions. They supply axles to various automotive manufacturers and have a reputation for producing durable and reliable products. Dana axles are commonly found in trucks, SUVs, and off-road vehicles.
2. AAM (American Axle & Manufacturing): AAM is a leading manufacturer of driveline and drivetrain components, including axles. They supply axles to both OEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers) and the aftermarket. AAM axles are known for their durability and are often found in trucks, SUVs, and performance vehicles.
3. GKN Automotive: GKN Automotive is a global supplier of driveline systems, including axles. They have a strong reputation for producing high-quality and reliable axles for a wide range of vehicles. GKN Automotive supplies axles to various automakers and is recognized for their technological advancements in the field.
4. Meritor: Meritor is a manufacturer of axles, brakes, and other drivetrain components for commercial vehicles. They are known for their robust and reliable axle products that cater to heavy-duty applications in the commercial trucking industry.
5. Spicer (Dana Spicer): Spicer, a division of Dana Holding Corporation, specializes in manufacturing drivetrain components, including axles. Spicer axles are widely used in off-road vehicles, trucks, and SUVs. They are known for their durability and ability to withstand demanding off-road conditions.
6. Timken: Timken is a trusted manufacturer of bearings, seals, and other mechanical power transmission products. While they are primarily known for their bearings, they also produce high-quality axle components used in various applications, including automotive axles.
It’s important to note that the availability of specific axle manufacturers may vary depending on the region and the specific vehicle make and model. Additionally, different vehicles may come equipped with axles from different manufacturers as per the OEM’s selection and sourcing decisions.
When considering axle replacements or upgrades, it is advisable to consult with automotive experts, including mechanics or dealerships familiar with your vehicle, to ensure compatibility and make informed decisions based on your specific needs and requirements.
How do solid axles differ from independent axles in terms of performance?
When comparing solid axles and independent axles in terms of performance, there are several key differences to consider. Both types of axles have their advantages and disadvantages, and their suitability depends on the specific application and desired performance characteristics. Here’s a comparison of solid axles and independent axles:
| Aspect | Solid Axles | Independent Axles |
|---|---|---|
| Load-Bearing Capability | Solid axles have high load-bearing capability due to their robust and sturdy construction. They can handle heavy loads and provide excellent stability, making them suitable for off-road vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, and towing applications. | Independent axles typically have lower load-bearing capability compared to solid axles. They are designed for lighter loads and offer improved ride comfort and handling characteristics. They are commonly used in passenger cars, sports cars, and vehicles with a focus on maneuverability and road performance. |
| Wheel Articulation | Solid axles have limited wheel articulation due to their connected and rigid design. This can result in reduced traction and compromised wheel contact with the ground on uneven terrain. However, solid axles provide excellent traction in situations where the weight distribution on all wheels needs to be maintained, such as in off-road or rock-crawling applications. | Independent axles offer greater wheel articulation as each wheel can move independently of the others. This allows the wheels to better conform to uneven terrain, maximizing traction and maintaining contact with the ground. Independent axles provide improved off-road capability, enhanced handling, and better ride comfort. |
| Ride Comfort | Due to their rigid design, solid axles generally provide a stiffer and less compliant ride compared to independent axles. They transmit more road shocks and vibrations to the vehicle’s occupants, resulting in a rougher ride quality. | Independent axles are known for providing better ride comfort. Each wheel can react independently to road imperfections, absorbing shocks and vibrations more effectively. This leads to a smoother and more comfortable ride, particularly on paved roads and surfaces with minor irregularities. |
| Handling and Stability | Solid axles offer excellent stability due to their connected nature. They provide better resistance to lateral forces, making them suitable for high-speed stability and towing applications. However, the rigid axle design can limit overall handling and maneuverability, particularly in tight corners or during quick direction changes. | Independent axles generally offer improved handling and maneuverability. Each wheel can react independently to steering inputs, allowing for better cornering performance and agility. Independent axles are commonly found in vehicles where precise handling and responsive steering are desired, such as sports cars and performance-oriented vehicles. |
| Maintenance and Repair | Solid axles are relatively simpler in design and have fewer moving parts, making them easier to maintain and repair. They are often more resistant to damage and require less frequent servicing. However, if a component within the axle assembly fails, the entire axle may need to be replaced. | Independent axles are typically more complex in design and have multiple moving parts, such as control arms, CV joints, or bearings. This complexity can result in higher maintenance and repair costs. However, if a failure occurs, only the affected component needs to be replaced, reducing repair expenses compared to replacing the entire axle. |
It’s important to note that advancements in suspension and axle technologies have resulted in various hybrid systems that combine features of solid and independent axles. These systems aim to provide a balance between load-bearing capability, wheel articulation, ride comfort, and handling performance based on specific application requirements.
In summary, solid axles excel in load-bearing capability, stability, and durability, making them suitable for heavy-duty applications and off-road conditions. Independent axles offer improved ride comfort, better wheel articulation, enhanced handling, and maneuverability, making them suitable for passenger cars and vehicles focused on road performance. The choice between solid axles and independent axles depends on the specific needs and priorities of the vehicle or machinery.
editor by CX 2023-11-10
China supplier CE Certificate Td Chassis 130HP Farm Machine Mini Tractor Like John Deere 4weel CZPT with Agriculture Power Tiller Agricultural Machinery for Farm with Hot selling
Product Description
Product Description:
TLK TD1004 90-130HP 4WD Wheel Agricultural Farm Tractor China big wheeled farming tractor with ISO Ce Certificate for Sale
Tractor Main Features and Advantages:
1.Equipped famous brand engine showing advanced capacity,low fuel consumption,high economic efficiency.
2. Streamlined appearance design, beautiful and generous.
3.Transmission Case adopt meshed shift and add the gearbox interlock device makes the operation more smoothly,reliable and easier.
4. Double action clutch with disc spring, perform steadily and easy to operate.
5. Fully hydraulic steering system greatly reduced driver’s work strength.
6. Wet disc brake device, reliable brake performance.
7. Separate injection of hydraulic oil, reliable to operate.
8. The lifter with force and position adjustment, with reliable lift.
9. Tractor PTO:
PTO in Double speed : 540/760r/min Optional, For high working efficiency.
PTO shaft of 6 or 8 spline Optional, adaptable for agricultural equipment of all over the world.
10. Big Chassis and Heavy-duty Rear axle for Durable Strong machine.
11. Full series light, ROPS,Sunshade/Canopy, Fan/Heater/Air-conditioned cabin are all available, for more comfortable driving environment
Main Technical Specifications:
| Model | TK1004 | TK1104 | TK1204 | TK1304 | ||
| Type | 4×4 Wheeled Type | 4×4 Wheeled Type | 4×4 Wheeled Type | 4×4 Wheeled Type | ||
| Dimensions of Tractor (mm) | Length | 4480 | 4480 | 4480 | 4480 | |
| Width | 2050 | 2050 | 2050 | 2050 | ||
| Height | 2570 | 2570 | 2570 | 2570 | ||
| Tread | Front Wheel | 1610(usual) | 1610(usual) | 1610(usual) | 1610(usual) | |
| Rear Wheel | 1608(usual) | 1608(usual) | 1608(usual) | 1608(usual) | ||
| Wheel Base | 2366 | 2366 | 2366 | 2366 | ||
| Min. Ground Base | 405(the bottom of front axle) | 405(the bottom of front axle) | 405(the bottom of front axle) | 405(the bottom of front axle) | ||
| Min. Usage Mass(kg) | 4200 | 4200 | 4200 | 4200 | ||
| Engine | Model | YTO LR4M3Z | YTO LR4M3Z | YTO LR6B5-23 | YTO LR6M5-23 | |
| Type | Vertical, water cooled and 4-stroke | Vertical, water cooled and 4-stroke | Vertical, water cooled and 4-stroke | Vertical, water cooled and 4-stroke | ||
| Rated Power(kw) | 66.2 | 80.8 | 88.2 | 95.6 | ||
| Rated Rev.(r/min) | 2300 | 2300 | 2300 | 2300 | ||
| Fuel | Diesel Oil | Diesel Oil | Diesel Oil | Diesel Oil | ||
| Tire | Front Wheel | 12.4-24 | 12.4-24 | 12.4-24 | 12.4-24 | |
| Rear Wheel | 16.9-34 | 16.9-34 | 16.9-34 | 16.9-34 | ||
| Clutch | Dry-friction, single disc and 2 stage | Dry-friction, single disc and 2 stage | Dry-friction, single disc and 2 stage | Dry-friction, single disc and 2 stage | ||
| Steering | Hydraulic type | Hydraulic type | Hydraulic type | Hydraulic type | ||
| Transmission Box | 4×(2+1)×2 Composed | 4×(2+1)×2 Composed | 4×(2+1)×2 Composed | 4×(2+1)×2 Composed | ||
| Suspension Type | Post Positioned Tri-point Suspension Catalogue 2 or 3 (optional) | Post Positioned Tri-point Suspension Catalogue 2 or 3 (optional) | Post Positioned Tri-point Suspension Catalogue 2 or 3 (optional) | Post Positioned Tri-point Suspension Catalogue 2 or 3 (optional) | ||
| PTO | Type and Rev.(r/min) | Post-position, independent, 760/850 or 540/1000 or 540/760 (optioanl) |
Post-position, independent, 760/850 or 540/1000 or 540/760 (optioanl) |
Post-position, independent, 760/1000 or 540/1000 or 540/760 (optioanl) |
Post-position, independent, 760/1000 or 540/1000 or 540/760 (optioanl) |
|
| Spline Size | I38 Rectangle Spline with 8 teeth | I38 Rectangle Spline with 8 teeth | I38 Rectangle Spline with 8 teeth | I38 Rectangle Spline with 8 teeth | ||
Technology & Innovation:
WeiFang Telake has established a professional R & D team, realized the self-control ability of core components by integrating the industry’s
advantageous resources, built a stable quality control system.
Invested tens millions to introduce intelligent mechanization total production line, automatic chassis production line, gearbox processing line and welding
robots, processing centers and other advanced production lines and equipment, to achieve an annual production capacity of 30,000 tractors.
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Packaging & Delivery:
-Delivery time:20- 30 days.
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Certifications:
Common problems
(1) Are you a manufacturing factory or a trading company?
We are a factory with 20 years of professional production experience in the field of 25hp-240hp tractors, located in HangZhou City, ZheJiang Province, China. Our factory has passed ISO9001, CCC, CE, SGS and BV certification. We also have a quality control department to purchase products for customers. This is why the price of our tractors is so reasonable.
(2) Can we print the logo or company name on your product or packaging?
of course. Your logo can be printed on your product by embossing, self-adhesive or silk-screen printing.
(3) About the price
The price is negotiable. It can be changed according to the options or packaging of the tractor.
(4) Regarding payment or other issues
We accept LC, TT, if you have other questions, please email me or chat with me directly.
Contact
Welcome to our factory
Adhere to the business tenet of “Integrity-based, Quality First”, and wholeheartedly provide you with the best products and wholehearted service. We actively cooperate with research institutions and multinational companies to achieve continuous innovation. HangZhou Telake Agricultural Equipment CO.,LTD welcomes domestic and foreign customers to visit and guide!
HangZhou Telake Agricultural Equipment CO.,LTD
Adress: East of Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Road,South of Cailin Road,Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Economic District,HangZhou,ZheJiang ,China
Applications of Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a highly effective means of connecting 2 or more components. These types of couplings are very efficient, as they combine linear motion with rotation, and their efficiency makes them a desirable choice in numerous applications. Read on to learn more about the main characteristics and applications of spline couplings. You will also be able to determine the predicted operation and wear. You can easily design your own couplings by following the steps outlined below.
Optimal design
The spline coupling plays an important role in transmitting torque. It consists of a hub and a shaft with splines that are in surface contact without relative motion. Because they are connected, their angular velocity is the same. The splines can be designed with any profile that minimizes friction. Because they are in contact with each other, the load is not evenly distributed, concentrating on a small area, which can deform the hub surface.
Optimal spline coupling design takes into account several factors, including weight, material characteristics, and performance requirements. In the aeronautics industry, weight is an important design factor. S.A.E. and ANSI tables do not account for weight when calculating the performance requirements of spline couplings. Another critical factor is space. Spline couplings may need to fit in tight spaces, or they may be subject to other configuration constraints.
Optimal design of spline couplers may be characterized by an odd number of teeth. However, this is not always the case. If the external spline’s outer diameter exceeds a certain threshold, the optimal spline coupling model may not be an optimal choice for this application. To optimize a spline coupling for a specific application, the user may need to consider the sizing method that is most appropriate for their application.
Once a design is generated, the next step is to test the resulting spline coupling. The system must check for any design constraints and validate that it can be produced using modern manufacturing techniques. The resulting spline coupling model is then exported to an optimisation tool for further analysis. The method enables a designer to easily manipulate the design of a spline coupling and reduce its weight.
The spline coupling model 20 includes the major structural features of a spline coupling. A product model software program 10 stores default values for each of the spline coupling’s specifications. The resulting spline model is then calculated in accordance with the algorithm used in the present invention. The software allows the designer to enter the spline coupling’s radii, thickness, and orientation.
Characteristics
An important aspect of aero-engine splines is the load distribution among the teeth. The researchers have performed experimental tests and have analyzed the effect of lubrication conditions on the coupling behavior. Then, they devised a theoretical model using a Ruiz parameter to simulate the actual working conditions of spline couplings. This model explains the wear damage caused by the spline couplings by considering the influence of friction, misalignment, and other conditions that are relevant to the splines’ performance.
In order to design a spline coupling, the user first inputs the design criteria for sizing load carrying sections, including the external spline 40 of the spline coupling model 30. Then, the user specifies torque margin performance requirement specifications, such as the yield limit, plastic buckling, and creep buckling. The software program then automatically calculates the size and configuration of the load carrying sections and the shaft. These specifications are then entered into the model software program 10 as specification values.
Various spline coupling configuration specifications are input on the GUI screen 80. The software program 10 then generates a spline coupling model by storing default values for the various specifications. The user then can manipulate the spline coupling model by modifying its various specifications. The final result will be a computer-aided design that enables designers to optimize spline couplings based on their performance and design specifications.
The spline coupling model software program continually evaluates the validity of spline coupling models for a particular application. For example, if a user enters a data value signal corresponding to a parameter signal, the software compares the value of the signal entered to the corresponding value in the knowledge base. If the values are outside the specifications, a warning message is displayed. Once this comparison is completed, the spline coupling model software program outputs a report with the results.
Various spline coupling design factors include weight, material properties, and performance requirements. Weight is 1 of the most important design factors, particularly in the aeronautics field. ANSI and S.A.E. tables do not consider these factors when calculating the load characteristics of spline couplings. Other design requirements may also restrict the configuration of a spline coupling.
Applications
Spline couplings are a type of mechanical joint that connects 2 rotating shafts. Its 2 parts engage teeth that transfer load. Although splines are commonly over-dimensioned, they are still prone to fatigue and static behavior. These properties also make them prone to wear and tear. Therefore, proper design and selection are vital to minimize wear and tear on splines. There are many applications of spline couplings.
A key design is based on the size of the shaft being joined. This allows for the proper spacing of the keys. A novel method of hobbing allows for the formation of tapered bases without interference, and the root of the keys is concentric with the axis. These features enable for high production rates. Various applications of spline couplings can be found in various industries. To learn more, read on.
FE based methodology can predict the wear rate of spline couplings by including the evolution of the coefficient of friction. This method can predict fretting wear from simple round-on-flat geometry, and has been calibrated with experimental data. The predicted wear rate is reasonable compared to the experimental data. Friction evolution in spline couplings depends on the spline geometry. It is also crucial to consider the lubrication condition of the splines.
Using a spline coupling reduces backlash and ensures proper alignment of mated components. The shaft’s splined tooth form transfers rotation from the splined shaft to the internal splined member, which may be a gear or other rotary device. A spline coupling’s root strength and torque requirements determine the type of spline coupling that should be used.
The spline root is usually flat and has a crown on 1 side. The crowned spline has a symmetrical crown at the centerline of the face-width of the spline. As the spline length decreases toward the ends, the teeth are becoming thinner. The tooth diameter is measured in pitch. This means that the male spline has a flat root and a crowned spline.
Predictability
Spindle couplings are used in rotating machinery to connect 2 shafts. They are composed of 2 parts with teeth that engage each other and transfer load. Spline couplings are commonly over-dimensioned and are prone to static and fatigue behavior. Wear phenomena are also a common problem with splines. To address these issues, it is essential to understand the behavior and predictability of these couplings.
Dynamic behavior of spline-rotor couplings is often unclear, particularly if the system is not integrated with the rotor. For example, when a misalignment is not present, the main response frequency is 1 X-rotating speed. As the misalignment increases, the system starts to vibrate in complex ways. Furthermore, as the shaft orbits depart from the origin, the magnitudes of all the frequencies increase. Thus, research results are useful in determining proper design and troubleshooting of rotor systems.
The model of misaligned spline couplings can be obtained by analyzing the stress-compression relationships between 2 spline pairs. The meshing force model of splines is a function of the system mass, transmitting torque, and dynamic vibration displacement. This model holds when the dynamic vibration displacement is small. Besides, the CZPT stepping integration method is stable and has high efficiency.
The slip distributions are a function of the state of lubrication, coefficient of friction, and loading cycles. The predicted wear depths are well within the range of measured values. These predictions are based on the slip distributions. The methodology predicts increased wear under lightly lubricated conditions, but not under added lubrication. The lubrication condition and coefficient of friction are the key factors determining the wear behavior of splines.
China Best Sales Tractor Parts Friction Torque Limiter for Agricultural Machinery near me supplier
Product Description
OEM ODM PTO Shaft for Farm Machine and Agriculture Machine
1. Power or torque related to alternating load you require.
2. Cross journal(Universal joint) size which decides torque of a PTO Shaft:
3 Closed overall length (or cross to cross) of a PTO shaft.
4 Tubes or Pipes
FAQ
1. Q: Are your products forged or cast?
A: All of our products are forged.
2. Q: Do you have a CE certificate?
A: Yes, we are CE qualified.
3. Q: What’s the horse power of the pto shaft are available?
A: We provide a full range of pto shaft, ranging from 16HP-200HP.
4. Q: How many splined specification do you have ?
A: We produce 1 1/8″-Z6, 1 3/8″-Z6, 1 3/4″-Z6, 1 3/8″- Z21, 1 3/4″-Z20, 8X42X48X8 and 8X32X38X6 splines.
5. Q: How about the warranty?
A: We guarantee 1 year warranty. With quality problems, we will send you the new products for free within next shipment.
6. Q: What’s your payment terms?
A: T/T, L/C, D/A, D/P….
7. Q: What is the delivery time?
A: 30 days after receiving your advanced deposit.
8. Q: What’s your MOQ?
A: 50 PCS for each type.
Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings
In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
Stiffness of spline-coupling
The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
Characteristics of spline-coupling
The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.
Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis
This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling
In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.
China OEM Hot Sales Heavy Duty Shaft for Agricultural Machinery near me factory
Product Description
This is drive shaft/axle , customized for agricultral machinery , machine tool , construction machinery…… with high precision high strength for heavy duty . High quality product manufactured by qualified capable machines and controlled under IATF16949 or ISO9001 procedures. We are professional and practiced in engineering and supply transmission parts(rotary parts in drive system) such as shafts/axles/spindles , bearings , gears for various machinery .
| Part NO | 20110HDG05001 |
| Material | Alloy Steel |
| Precision | IT4-IT9 |
| Heat Treatment | Quenching , Carburization ,Nitriding |
AND Machinery Company is professional and practiced at mechanical transmission parts , specialize in engineering and supply bearings, shafts and gears for transmission system (rotary components) . These parts are assembled together and work together as important basic parts in a machine or instrument . The proper design and high precision,reliable components will make the equipment has a perfect function and the effective life.
First of all, to select the bearing and properly design it is an important step. In order to meet the perfect state of equipment , we need to know the expected functions and precision level, effective life of the machinery, and also need to know the condition which the transmission system works , such as the speed/load/temperature range, thus determine the type of bearing , cage , precision class , lubrication , internal clearance and so on . We are professional to design bearing and manage manufacturing , help you to develop a new equipment , or to improve the existing products , or sourcing and supply you more cost-effective products .
Second, our practiced team workers are with considerable experience in design and manufacture of the shaft, through optimized manufacturing procedure and processing equipments , strictly control quality in process , widely supply to our customers all over the world . Our Shafts not only satisfy the performance of the installed equipment, but also with the most cost-effective.
Finally, we are CZPT to produce gears , module 0.5-12 , OD2000mm max. . Our gear production line supports us to expand cooperating with various machinery such as construction machinery , agriculture machinery , crane , household appliance , garden machinery…specially , we have many years of experience in production of hydraulic pump gear , ground teeth precision class 7 of ISO/GB(equivalent to AGMA11) .
We are capable to support our customers to develop and improve the products , we are professional and experienced to suggest and discuss with customers about designing bearings and shafts , manufacturing technology , quality ….our team will control quality strictly and improve constantly while the order placed , so as to provide customers with the proper , reliable and competitive products – this is our advantage. Qur team help to make your purchasing rest assured, from design , develop to manufacturing for optimization.
Our products have been widely used in a wide variety of machinery and vehicles, such as E-bus, E-Bike, ATV, Machine Tool, Reducer, Electric Motor, printing machinery, food machinery, garden machinery, construction machinery, Household appliances…
Analytical Approaches to Estimating Contact Pressures in Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a type of mechanical connection between 2 rotating shafts. It consists of 2 parts – a coupler and a coupling. Both parts have teeth which engage and transfer loads. However, spline couplings are typically over-dimensioned, which makes them susceptible to fatigue and static behavior. Wear phenomena can also cause the coupling to fail. For this reason, proper spline coupling design is essential for achieving optimum performance.
Modeling a spline coupling
Spline couplings are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace industry, but they operate in a slightly misaligned state, causing both vibrations and damage to the contact surfaces. To solve this problem, this article offers analytical approaches for estimating the contact pressures in a spline coupling. Specifically, this article compares analytical approaches with pure numerical approaches to demonstrate the benefits of an analytical approach.
To model a spline coupling, first you create the knowledge base for the spline coupling. The knowledge base includes a large number of possible specification values, which are related to each other. If you modify 1 specification, it may lead to a warning for violating another. To make the design valid, you must create a spline coupling model that meets the specified specification values.
After you have modeled the geometry, you must enter the contact pressures of the 2 spline couplings. Then, you need to determine the position of the pitch circle of the spline. In Figure 2, the centre of the male coupling is superposed to that of the female spline. Then, you need to make sure that the alignment meshing distance of the 2 splines is the same.
Once you have the data you need to create a spline coupling model, you can begin by entering the specifications for the interface design. Once you have this data, you need to choose whether to optimize the internal spline or the external spline. You’ll also need to specify the tooth friction coefficient, which is used to determine the stresses in the spline coupling model 20. You should also enter the pilot clearance, which is the clearance between the tip 186 of a tooth 32 on 1 spline and the feature on the mating spline.
After you have entered the desired specifications for the external spline, you can enter the parameters for the internal spline. For example, you can enter the outer diameter limit 154 of the major snap 54 and the minor snap 56 of the internal spline. The values of these parameters are displayed in color-coded boxes on the Spline Inputs and Configuration GUI screen 80. Once the parameters are entered, you’ll be presented with a geometric representation of the spline coupling model 20.
Creating a spline coupling model 20
The spline coupling model 20 is created by a product model software program 10. The software validates the spline coupling model against a knowledge base of configuration-dependent specification constraints and relationships. This report is then input to the ANSYS stress analyzer program. It lists the spline coupling model 20’s geometric configurations and specification values for each feature. The spline coupling model 20 is automatically recreated every time the configuration or performance specifications of the spline coupling model 20 are modified.
The spline coupling model 20 can be configured using the product model software program 10. A user specifies the axial length of the spline stack, which may be zero, or a fixed length. The user also enters a radial mating face 148, if any, and selects a pilot clearance specification value of 14.5 degrees or 30 degrees.
A user can then use the mouse 110 to modify the spline coupling model 20. The spline coupling knowledge base contains a large number of possible specification values and the spline coupling design rule. If the user tries to change a spline coupling model, the model will show a warning about a violation of another specification. In some cases, the modification may invalidate the design.
In the spline coupling model 20, the user enters additional performance requirement specifications. The user chooses the locations where maximum torque is transferred for the internal and external splines 38 and 40. The maximum torque transfer location is determined by the attachment configuration of the hardware to the shafts. Once this is selected, the user can click “Next” to save the model. A preview of the spline coupling model 20 is displayed.
The model 20 is a representation of a spline coupling. The spline specifications are entered in the order and arrangement as specified on the spline coupling model 20 GUI screen. Once the spline coupling specifications are entered, the product model software program 10 will incorporate them into the spline coupling model 20. This is the last step in spline coupling model creation.
Analysing a spline coupling model 20
An analysis of a spline coupling model consists of inputting its configuration and performance specifications. These specifications may be generated from another computer program. The product model software program 10 then uses its internal knowledge base of configuration dependent specification relationships and constraints to create a valid three-dimensional parametric model 20. This model contains information describing the number and types of spline teeth 32, snaps 34, and shoulder 36.
When you are analysing a spline coupling, the software program 10 will include default values for various specifications. The spline coupling model 20 comprises an internal spline 38 and an external spline 40. Each of the splines includes its own set of parameters, such as its depth, width, length, and radii. The external spline 40 will also contain its own set of parameters, such as its orientation.
Upon selecting these parameters, the software program will perform various analyses on the spline coupling model 20. The software program 10 calculates the nominal and maximal tooth bearing stresses and fatigue life of a spline coupling. It will also determine the difference in torsional windup between an internal and an external spline. The output file from the analysis will be a report file containing model configuration and specification data. The output file may also be used by other computer programs for further analysis.
Once these parameters are set, the user enters the design criteria for the spline coupling model 20. In this step, the user specifies the locations of maximum torque transfer for both the external and internal spline 38. The maximum torque transfer location depends on the configuration of the hardware attached to the shafts. The user may enter up to 4 different performance requirement specifications for each spline.
The results of the analysis show that there are 2 phases of spline coupling. The first phase shows a large increase in stress and vibration. The second phase shows a decline in both stress and vibration levels. The third stage shows a constant meshing force between 300N and 320N. This behavior continues for a longer period of time, until the final stage engages with the surface.
Misalignment of a spline coupling
A study aimed to investigate the position of the resultant contact force in a spline coupling engaging teeth under a steady torque and rotating misalignment. The study used numerical methods based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. It produced numerical results for nominal conditions and parallel offset misalignment. The study considered 2 levels of misalignment – 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm – with different loading levels.
The results showed that the misalignment between the splines and rotors causes a change in the meshing force of the spline-rotor coupling system. Its dynamics is governed by the meshing force of splines. The meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling is related to the rotor-spline coupling system parameters, the transmitting torque, and the dynamic vibration displacement.
Despite the lack of precise measurements, the misalignment of splines is a common problem. This problem is compounded by the fact that splines usually feature backlash. This backlash is the result of the misaligned spline. The authors analyzed several splines, varying pitch diameters, and length/diameter ratios.
A spline coupling is a two-dimensional mechanical system, which has positive backlash. The spline coupling is comprised of a hub and shaft, and has tip-to-root clearances that are larger than the backlash. A form-clearance is sufficient to prevent tip-to-root fillet contact. The torque on the splines is transmitted via friction.
When a spline coupling is misaligned, a torque-biased thrust force is generated. In such a situation, the force can exceed the torque, causing the component to lose its alignment. The two-way transmission of torque and thrust is modeled analytically in the present study. The analytical approach provides solutions that can be integrated into the design process. So, the next time you are faced with a misaligned spline coupling problem, make sure to use an analytical approach!
In this study, the spline coupling is analyzed under nominal conditions without a parallel offset misalignment. The stiffness values obtained are the percentage difference between the nominal pitch diameter and load application diameter. Moreover, the maximum percentage difference in the measured pitch diameter is 1.60% under a torque of 5000 N*m. The other parameter, the pitch angle, is taken into consideration in the calculation.
China wholesaler Heavy Duty Shaft for Agricultural Machinery 09s00A Pto Shaft near me factory
Product Description
This is drive shaft/axle , customized for agricultral machinery , machine tool , construction machinery…… with high precision high strength for heavy duty . High quality product manufactured by qualified capable machines and controlled under IATF16949 or ISO9001 procedures. We are professional and practiced in engineering and supply transmission parts(rotary parts in drive system) such as shafts/axles/spindles , bearings , gears for various machinery .
| Part NO | 20110HDG05001 |
| Material | Alloy Steel |
| Precision | IT4-IT9 |
| Heat Treatment | Quenching , Carburization ,Nitriding |
AND Machinery Company is professional and practiced at mechanical transmission parts , specialize in engineering and supply bearings, shafts and gears for transmission system (rotary components) . These parts are assembled together and work together as important basic parts in a machine or instrument . The proper design and high precision,reliable components will make the equipment has a perfect function and the effective life.
First of all, to select the bearing and properly design it is an important step. In order to meet the perfect state of equipment , we need to know the expected functions and precision level, effective life of the machinery, and also need to know the condition which the transmission system works , such as the speed/load/temperature range, thus determine the type of bearing , cage , precision class , lubrication , internal clearance and so on . We are professional to design bearing and manage manufacturing , help you to develop a new equipment , or to improve the existing products , or sourcing and supply you more cost-effective products .
Second, our practiced team workers are with considerable experience in design and manufacture of the shaft, through optimized manufacturing procedure and processing equipments , strictly control quality in process , widely supply to our customers all over the world . Our Shafts not only satisfy the performance of the installed equipment, but also with the most cost-effective.
Finally, we are CZPT to produce gears , module 0.5-12 , OD2000mm max. . Our gear production line supports us to expand cooperating with various machinery such as construction machinery , agriculture machinery , crane , household appliance , garden machinery…specially , we have many years of experience in production of hydraulic pump gear , ground teeth precision class 7 of ISO/GB(equivalent to AGMA11) .
We are capable to support our customers to develop and improve the products , we are professional and experienced to suggest and discuss with customers about designing bearings and shafts , manufacturing technology , quality ….our team will control quality strictly and improve constantly while the order placed , so as to provide customers with the proper , reliable and competitive products – this is our advantage. Qur team help to make your purchasing rest assured, from design , develop to manufacturing for optimization.
Our products have been widely used in a wide variety of machinery and vehicles, such as E-bus, E-Bike, ATV, Machine Tool, Reducer, Electric Motor, printing machinery, food machinery, garden machinery, construction machinery, Household appliances…
The Benefits of Spline Couplings for Disc Brake Mounting Interfaces
Spline couplings are commonly used for securing disc brake mounting interfaces. Spline couplings are often used in high-performance vehicles, aeronautics, and many other applications. However, the mechanical benefits of splines are not immediately obvious. Listed below are the benefits of spline couplings. We’ll discuss what these advantages mean for you. Read on to discover how these couplings work.
Disc brake mounting interfaces are splined
There are 2 common disc brake mounting interfaces – splined and six-bolt. Splined rotors fit on splined hubs; six-bolt rotors will need an adapter to fit on six-bolt hubs. The six-bolt method is easier to maintain and may be preferred by many cyclists. If you’re thinking of installing a disc brake system, it is important to know how to choose the right splined and center lock interfaces.
Aerospace applications
The splines used for spline coupling in aircraft are highly complex. While some previous researches have addressed the design of splines, few publications have tackled the problem of misaligned spline coupling. Nevertheless, the accurate results we obtained were obtained using dedicated simulation tools, which are not commercially available. Nevertheless, such tools can provide a useful reference for our approach. It would be beneficial if designers could use simple tools for evaluating contact pressure peaks. Our analytical approach makes it possible to find answers to such questions.
The design of a spline coupling for aerospace applications must be accurate to minimize weight and prevent failure mechanisms. In addition to weight reduction, it is necessary to minimize fretting fatigue. The pressure distribution on the spline coupling teeth is a significant factor in determining its fretting fatigue. Therefore, we use analytical and experimental methods to examine the contact pressure distribution in the axial direction of spline couplings.
The teeth of a spline coupling can be categorized by the type of engagement they provide. This study investigates the position of resultant contact forces in the teeth of a spline coupling when applied to pitch diameter. Using FEM models, numerical results are generated for nominal and parallel offset misalignments. The axial tooth profile determines the behavior of the coupling component and its ability to resist wear. Angular misalignment is also a concern, causing misalignment.
In order to assess wear damage of a spline coupling, we must take into consideration the impact of fretting on the components. This wear is caused by relative motion between the teeth that engage them. The misalignment may be caused by vibrations, cyclical tooth deflection, or angular misalignment. The result of this analysis may help designers improve their spline coupling designs and develop improved performance.
CZPT polyimide, an abrasion-resistant polymer, is a popular choice for high-temperature spline couplings. This material reduces friction and wear, provides a low friction surface, and has a low wear rate. Furthermore, it offers up to 50 times the life of metal on metal spline connections. For these reasons, it is important to choose the right material for your spline coupling.
High-performance vehicles
A spline coupler is a device used to connect splined shafts. A typical spline coupler resembles a short pipe with splines on either end. There are 2 basic types of spline coupling: single and dual spline. One type attaches to a drive shaft, while the other attaches to the gearbox. While spline couplings are typically used in racing, they’re also used for performance problems.
The key challenge in spline couplings is to determine the optimal dimension of spline joints. This is difficult because no commercial codes allow the simulation of misaligned joints, which can destroy components. This article presents analytical approaches to estimating contact pressures in spline connections. The results are comparable with numerical approaches but require special codes to accurately model the coupling operation. This research highlights several important issues and aims to make the application of spline couplings in high-performance vehicles easier.
The stiffness of spline assemblies can be calculated using tooth-like structures. Such splines can be incorporated into the spline joint to produce global stiffness for torsional vibration analysis. Bearing reactions are calculated for a certain level of misalignment. This information can be used to design bearing dimensions and correct misalignment. There are 3 types of spline couplings.
Major diameter fit splines are made with tightly controlled outside diameters. This close fit provides concentricity transfer from the male to the female spline. The teeth of the male spline usually have chamfered tips and clearance with fillet radii. These splines are often manufactured from billet steel or aluminum. These materials are renowned for their strength and uniform grain created by the forging process. ANSI and DIN design manuals define classes of fit.
Disc brake mounting interfaces
A spline coupling for disc brake mounting interfaces is a type of hub-to-brake-disc mount. It is a highly durable coupling mechanism that reduces heat transfer from the disc to the axle hub. The mounting arrangement also isolates the axle hub from direct contact with the disc. It is also designed to minimize the amount of vehicle downtime and maintenance required to maintain proper alignment.
Disc brakes typically have substantial metal-to-metal contact with axle hub splines. The discs are held in place on the hub by intermediate inserts. This metal-to-metal contact also aids in the transfer of brake heat from the brake disc to the axle hub. Spline coupling for disc brake mounting interfaces comprises a mounting ring that is either a threaded or non-threaded spline.
During drag brake experiments, perforated friction blocks filled with various additive materials are introduced. The materials included include Cu-based powder metallurgy material, a composite material, and a Mn-Cu damping alloy. The filling material affects the braking interface’s wear behavior and friction-induced vibration characteristics. Different filling materials produce different types of wear debris and have different wear evolutions. They also differ in their surface morphology.
Disc brake couplings are usually made of 2 different types. The plain and HD versions are interchangeable. The plain version is the simplest to install, while the HD version has multiple components. The two-piece couplings are often installed at the same time, but with different mounting interfaces. You should make sure to purchase the appropriate coupling for your vehicle. These interfaces are a vital component of your vehicle and must be installed correctly for proper operation.
Disc brakes use disc-to-hub elements that help locate the forces and displace them to the rim. These elements are typically made of stainless steel, which increases the cost of manufacturing the disc brake mounting interface. Despite their benefits, however, the high braking force loads they endure are hard on the materials. Moreover, excessive heat transferred to the intermediate elements can adversely affect the fatigue life and long-term strength of the brake system.
China Best Sales CE Certificate Tk 90HP Farm Machine Mini Tractor Like John Deere 4weel CZPT with Agriculture Power Tiller Agricultural Machinery for Farm near me factory
Product Description
Product Description:
TLK TD1004 90-130HP 4WD Wheel Agricultural Farm Tractor China big wheeled farming tractor with ISO Ce Certificate for Sale
Tractor Main Features and Advantages:
1.Equipped famous brand engine showing advanced capacity,low fuel consumption,high economic efficiency.
2. Streamlined appearance design, beautiful and generous.
3.Transmission Case adopt meshed shift and add the gearbox interlock device makes the operation more smoothly,reliable and easier.
4. Double action clutch with disc spring, perform steadily and easy to operate.
5. Fully hydraulic steering system greatly reduced driver’s work strength.
6. Wet disc brake device, reliable brake performance.
7. Separate injection of hydraulic oil, reliable to operate.
8. The lifter with force and position adjustment, with reliable lift.
9. Tractor PTO:
PTO in Double speed : 540/760r/min Optional, For high working efficiency.
PTO shaft of 6 or 8 spline Optional, adaptable for agricultural equipment of all over the world.
10. Big Chassis and Heavy-duty Rear axle for Durable Strong machine.
11. Full series light, ROPS,Sunshade/Canopy, Fan/Heater/Air-conditioned cabin are all available, for more comfortable driving environment
Main Technical Specifications:
| Model | TK1004 | TK1104 | TK1204 | TK1304 | ||
| Type | 4×4 Wheeled Type | 4×4 Wheeled Type | 4×4 Wheeled Type | 4×4 Wheeled Type | ||
| Dimensions of Tractor (mm) | Length | 4480 | 4480 | 4480 | 4480 | |
| Width | 2050 | 2050 | 2050 | 2050 | ||
| Height | 2570 | 2570 | 2570 | 2570 | ||
| Tread | Front Wheel | 1610(usual) | 1610(usual) | 1610(usual) | 1610(usual) | |
| Rear Wheel | 1608(usual) | 1608(usual) | 1608(usual) | 1608(usual) | ||
| Wheel Base | 2366 | 2366 | 2366 | 2366 | ||
| Min. Ground Base | 405(the bottom of front axle) | 405(the bottom of front axle) | 405(the bottom of front axle) | 405(the bottom of front axle) | ||
| Min. Usage Mass(kg) | 4200 | 4200 | 4200 | 4200 | ||
| Engine | Model | YTO LR4M3Z | YTO LR4M3Z | YTO LR6B5-23 | YTO LR6M5-23 | |
| Type | Vertical, water cooled and 4-stroke | Vertical, water cooled and 4-stroke | Vertical, water cooled and 4-stroke | Vertical, water cooled and 4-stroke | ||
| Rated Power(kw) | 66.2 | 80.8 | 88.2 | 95.6 | ||
| Rated Rev.(r/min) | 2300 | 2300 | 2300 | 2300 | ||
| Fuel | Diesel Oil | Diesel Oil | Diesel Oil | Diesel Oil | ||
| Tire | Front Wheel | 12.4-24 | 12.4-24 | 12.4-24 | 12.4-24 | |
| Rear Wheel | 16.9-34 | 16.9-34 | 16.9-34 | 16.9-34 | ||
| Clutch | Dry-friction, single disc and 2 stage | Dry-friction, single disc and 2 stage | Dry-friction, single disc and 2 stage | Dry-friction, single disc and 2 stage | ||
| Steering | Hydraulic type | Hydraulic type | Hydraulic type | Hydraulic type | ||
| Transmission Box | 4×(2+1)×2 Composed | 4×(2+1)×2 Composed | 4×(2+1)×2 Composed | 4×(2+1)×2 Composed | ||
| Suspension Type | Post Positioned Tri-point Suspension Catalogue 2 or 3 (optional) | Post Positioned Tri-point Suspension Catalogue 2 or 3 (optional) | Post Positioned Tri-point Suspension Catalogue 2 or 3 (optional) | Post Positioned Tri-point Suspension Catalogue 2 or 3 (optional) | ||
| PTO | Type and Rev.(r/min) | Post-position, independent, 760/850 or 540/1000 or 540/760 (optioanl) |
Post-position, independent, 760/850 or 540/1000 or 540/760 (optioanl) |
Post-position, independent, 760/1000 or 540/1000 or 540/760 (optioanl) |
Post-position, independent, 760/1000 or 540/1000 or 540/760 (optioanl) |
|
| Spline Size | I38 Rectangle Spline with 8 teeth | I38 Rectangle Spline with 8 teeth | I38 Rectangle Spline with 8 teeth | I38 Rectangle Spline with 8 teeth | ||
Technology & Innovation:
WeiFang Telake has established a professional R & D team, realized the self-control ability of core components by integrating the industry’s
advantageous resources, built a stable quality control system.
Invested tens millions to introduce intelligent mechanization total production line, automatic chassis production line, gearbox processing line and welding
robots, processing centers and other advanced production lines and equipment, to achieve an annual production capacity of 30,000 tractors.
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Packaging & Delivery:
-Delivery time:20- 30 days.
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Certifications:
Common problems
(1) Are you a manufacturing factory or a trading company?
We are a factory with 20 years of professional production experience in the field of 25hp-240hp tractors, located in HangZhou City, ZheJiang Province, China. Our factory has passed ISO9001, CCC, CE, SGS and BV certification. We also have a quality control department to purchase products for customers. This is why the price of our tractors is so reasonable.
(2) Can we print the logo or company name on your product or packaging?
of course. Your logo can be printed on your product by embossing, self-adhesive or silk-screen printing.
(3) About the price
The price is negotiable. It can be changed according to the options or packaging of the tractor.
(4) Regarding payment or other issues
We accept LC, TT, if you have other questions, please email me or chat with me directly.
Contact
Welcome to our factory
Adhere to the business tenet of “Integrity-based, Quality First”, and wholeheartedly provide you with the best products and wholehearted service. We actively cooperate with research institutions and multinational companies to achieve continuous innovation. HangZhou Telake Agricultural Equipment CO.,LTD welcomes domestic and foreign customers to visit and guide!
HangZhou Telake Agricultural Equipment CO.,LTD
Adress: East of Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Road,South of Cailin Road,Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Economic District,HangZhou,ZheJiang ,China
How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.
China factory Shaft of Industry for Rubber and Plastic Machinery wholesaler
Product Description
SWC Series-Medium-Duty Designs Cardan shaft
Designs
Data and Sizes of SWC Series Universal Joint Couplings
| Type | Design Data Item |
SWC160 | SWC180 | SWC200 | SWC225 | SWC250 | SWC265 | SWC285 | SWC315 | SWC350 | SWC390 | SWC440 | SWC490 | SWC550 | SWC620 |
| A | L | 740 | 800 | 900 | 1000 | 1060 | 1120 | 1270 | 1390 | 1520 | 1530 | 1690 | 1850 | 2060 | 2280 |
| LV | 100 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 150 | 170 | 190 | 190 | 240 | 250 | |
| M(kg); | 65 | 83 | 115 | 152 | 219 | 260 | 311 | 432 | 610 | 804 | 1122 | 1468 | 2154 | 2830 | |
| B | L | 480 | 530 | 590 | 640 | 730 | 790 | 840 | 930 | 100 | 1571 | 1130 | 1340 | 1400 | 1520 |
| M(kg); | 44 | 60 | 85 | 110 | 160 | 180 | 226 | 320 | 440 | 590 | 820 | 1090 | 1560 | 2100 | |
| C | L | 380 | 420 | 480 | 500 | 560 | 600 | 640 | 720 | 782 | 860 | 1040 | 1080 | 1220 | 1360 |
| M(kg); | 35 | 48 | 66 | 90 | 130 | 160 | 189 | 270 | 355 | 510 | 780 | 970 | 1330 | 1865 | |
| D | L | 520 | 580 | 620 | 690 | 760 | 810 | 860 | 970 | 1030 | 1120 | 1230 | 1360 | 1550 | 1720 |
| M(kg); | 48 | 65 | 90 | 120 | 173 | 220 | 250 | 355 | 485 | 665 | 920 | 1240 | 1765 | 2390 | |
| E | L | 800 | 850 | 940 | 1050 | 1120 | 1180 | 1320 | 1440 | 1550 | 1710 | 1880 | 2050 | 2310 | 2540 |
| LV | 100 | 100 | 120 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 140 | 150 | 170 | 190 | 190 | 240 | 250 | |
| M(kg); | 70 | 92 | 126 | 165 | 238 | 280 | 340 | 472 | 660 | 886 | 1230 | 1625 | 2368 | 3135 | |
| Tn(kN·m); | 16 | 22.;4 | 31.;5 | 40 | 63 | 80 | 90 | 125 | 180 | 250 | 355 | 500 | 710 | 1000 | |
| TF(kN·m); | 8 | 11.;2 | 16 | 20 | 31.;5 | 40 | 45 | 63 | 90 | 125 | 180 | 250 | 355 | 500 | |
| Β(°); | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | |
| D | 160 | 180 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 265 | 285 | 315 | 350 | 390 | 440 | 490 | 550 | 620 | |
| Df | 160 | 180 | 200 | 225 | 250 | 265 | 285 | 315 | 350 | 3690 | 440 | 490 | 550 | 620 | |
| D1 | 137 | 155 | 170 | 196 | 218 | 233 | 245 | 280 | 310 | 345 | 390 | 435 | 492 | 555 | |
| D2(H9); | 100 | 105 | 120 | 135 | 150 | 160 | 170 | 185 | 210 | 235 | 255 | 275 | 320 | 380 | |
| D3 | 108 | 114 | 140 | 159 | 168 | 180 | 194 | 219 | 245 | 273 | 299 | 325 | 402 | 426 | |
| Lm | 95 | 105 | 110 | 125 | 140 | 150 | 160 | 180 | 195 | 215 | 260 | 270 | 305 | 340 | |
| K | 16 | 17 | 18 | 20 | 25 | 25 | 27 | 32 | 35 | 40 | 42 | 47 | 50 | 55 | |
| T | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |
| N | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 | |
| D | 15 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 23 | 23 | 25 | 28 | 31 | 31 | 38 | |
| B | 20 | 24 | 32 | 32 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 50 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 | 100 | |
| G | 6.;0 | 7.;0 | 9.;0 | 9.;0 | 12.;5 | 12.;5 | 12.;5 | 15.;0 | 16.;0 | 18.;0 | 20.;0 | 22.;5 | 22.;5 | 25 | |
| MI(Kg); | 2.;57 | 3 | 3.;85 | 3.;85 | 5.;17 | 6 | 6.;75 | 8.;25 | 10.;6 | 13 | 18.;50 | 23.;75 | 29.;12 | 38.;08 | |
| Size | M14 | M16 | M16 | M16 | M18 | M18 | M20 | M22 | M22 | M24 | M27 | M30 | M30 | M36 | |
| Tightening torque(Nm); | 180 | 270 | 270 | 270 | 372 | 372 | 526 | 710 | 710 | 906 | 1340 | 1820 | 1820 | 3170 |
1.; Notations:;
L=Standard length,; or compressed length for designs with length compensation;
LV=Length compensation;
M=Weight;
Tn=Nominal torque(Yield torque 50% over Tn);;
TF=Fatigue torque,; I.; E.; Permissible torque as determined according to the fatigue strength
Under reversing loads;
β=Maximum deflection angle;
MI=weight per 100mm tube
2.; Millimeters are used as measurement units except where noted;
3.; Please consult us for customizations regarding length,; length compensation and
Flange connections.;
(DIN or SAT etc.; );
Types of Splines
There are 4 types of splines: Involute, Parallel key, helical, and ball. Learn about their characteristics. And, if you’re not sure what they are, you can always request a quotation. These splines are commonly used for building special machinery, repair jobs, and other applications. The CZPT Manufacturing Company manufactures these shafts. It is a specialty manufacturer and we welcome your business.
Involute splines
The involute spline provides a more rigid and durable structure, and is available in a variety of diameters and spline counts. Generally, steel, carbon steel, or titanium are used as raw materials. Other materials, such as carbon fiber, may be suitable. However, titanium can be difficult to produce, so some manufacturers make splines using other constituents.
When splines are used in shafts, they prevent parts from separating during operation. These features make them an ideal choice for securing mechanical assemblies. Splines with inward-curving grooves do not have sharp corners and are therefore less likely to break or separate while they are in operation. These properties help them to withstand high-speed operations, such as braking, accelerating, and reversing.
A male spline is fitted with an externally-oriented face, and a female spline is inserted through the center. The teeth of the male spline typically have chamfered tips to provide clearance with the transition area. The radii and width of the teeth of a male spline are typically larger than those of a female spline. These specifications are specified in ANSI or DIN design manuals.
The effective tooth thickness of a spline depends on the involute profile error and the lead error. Also, the spacing of the spline teeth and keyways can affect the effective tooth thickness. Involute splines in a splined shaft are designed so that at least 25 percent of the spline teeth engage during coupling, which results in a uniform distribution of load and wear on the spline.
Parallel key splines
A parallel splined shaft has a helix of equal-sized grooves around its circumference. These grooves are generally parallel or involute. Splines minimize stress concentrations in stationary joints and allow linear and rotary motion. Splines may be cut or cold-rolled. Cold-rolled splines have more strength than cut spines and are often used in applications that require high strength, accuracy, and a smooth surface.
A parallel key splined shaft features grooves and keys that are parallel to the axis of the shaft. This design is best suited for applications where load bearing is a primary concern and a smooth motion is needed. A parallel key splined shaft can be made from alloy steels, which are iron-based alloys that may also contain chromium, nickel, molybdenum, copper, or other alloying materials.
A splined shaft can be used to transmit torque and provide anti-rotation when operating as a linear guide. These shafts have square profiles that match up with grooves in a mating piece and transmit torque and rotation. They can also be easily changed in length, and are commonly used in aerospace. Its reliability and fatigue life make it an excellent choice for many applications.
The main difference between a parallel key splined shaft and a keyed shaft is that the former offers more flexibility. They lack slots, which reduce torque-transmitting capacity. Splines offer equal load distribution along the gear teeth, which translates into a longer fatigue life for the shaft. In agricultural applications, shaft life is essential. Agricultural equipment, for example, requires the ability to function at high speeds for extended periods of time.
Involute helical splines
Involute splines are a common design for splined shafts. They are the most commonly used type of splined shaft and feature equal spacing among their teeth. The teeth of this design are also shorter than those of the parallel spline shaft, reducing stress concentration. These splines can be used to transmit power to floating or permanently fixed gears, and reduce stress concentrations in the stationary joint. Involute splines are the most common type of splined shaft, and are widely used for a variety of applications in automotive, machine tools, and more.
Involute helical spline shafts are ideal for applications involving axial motion and rotation. They allow for face coupling engagement and disengagement. This design also allows for a larger diameter than a parallel spline shaft. The result is a highly efficient gearbox. Besides being durable, splines can also be used for other applications involving torque and energy transfer.
A new statistical model can be used to determine the number of teeth that engage for a given load. These splines are characterized by a tight fit at the major diameters, thereby transferring concentricity from the shaft to the female spline. A male spline has chamfered tips for clearance with the transition area. ANSI and DIN design manuals specify the different classes of fit.
The design of involute helical splines is similar to that of gears, and their ridges or teeth are matched with the corresponding grooves in a mating piece. It enables torque and rotation to be transferred to a mate piece while maintaining alignment of the 2 components. Different types of splines are used in different applications. Different splines can have different levels of tooth height.
Involute ball splines
When splines are used, they allow the shaft and hub to engage evenly over the shaft’s entire circumference. Because the teeth are evenly spaced, the load that they can transfer is uniform and their position is always the same regardless of shaft length. Whether the shaft is used to transmit torque or to transmit power, splines are a great choice. They provide maximum strength and allow for linear or rotary motion.
There are 3 basic types of splines: helical, crown, and ball. Crown splines feature equally spaced grooves. Crown splines feature involute sides and parallel sides. Helical splines use involute teeth and are often used in small diameter shafts. Ball splines contain a ball bearing inside the splined shaft to facilitate rotary motion and minimize stress concentration in stationary joints.
The 2 types of splines are classified under the ANSI classes of fit. Fillet root splines have teeth that mesh along the longitudinal axis of rotation. Flat root splines have similar teeth, but are intended to optimize strength for short-term use. Both types of splines are important for ensuring the shaft aligns properly and is not misaligned.
The friction coefficient of the hub is a complex process. When the hub is off-center, the center moves in predictable but irregular motion. Moreover, when the shaft is centered, the center may oscillate between being centered and being off-center. To compensate for this, the torque must be adequate to keep the shaft in its axis during all rotation angles. While straight-sided splines provide similar centering, they have lower misalignment load factors.
Keyed shafts
Essentially, splined shafts have teeth or ridges that fit together to transfer torque. Because splines are not as tall as involute gears, they offer uniform torque transfer. Additionally, they provide the opportunity for torque and rotational changes and improve wear resistance. In addition to their durability, splined shafts are popular in the aerospace industry and provide increased reliability and fatigue life.
Keyed shafts are available in different materials, lengths, and diameters. When used in high-power drive applications, they offer higher torque and rotational speeds. The higher torque they produce helps them deliver power to the gearbox. However, they are not as durable as splined shafts, which is why the latter is usually preferred in these applications. And while they’re more expensive, they’re equally effective when it comes to torque delivery.
Parallel keyed shafts have separate profiles and ridges and are used in applications requiring accuracy and precision. Keyed shafts with rolled splines are 35% stronger than cut splines and are used where precision is essential. These splines also have a smooth finish, which can make them a good choice for precision applications. They also work well with gears and other mechanical systems that require accurate torque transfer.
Carbon steel is another material used for splined shafts. Carbon steel is known for its malleability, and its shallow carbon content helps create reliable motion. However, if you’re looking for something more durable, consider ferrous steel. This type contains metals such as nickel, chromium, and molybdenum. And it’s important to remember that carbon steel is not the only material to consider.
China OEM High Precision Metal Casting Machining Parts for Machinery Parts with high quality
Product Description
Precision cnc machining, steel machining
A.Products Available
bolts, screws, nuts, rivets, Heatsink, shafts(axles, spline shafts, dart shafts),gears (pinions, wheels ) bearing, LED light-fixture, auto parts, electronic parts, valve,pump parts,sprocket wheels etc.
B.Advantage
1. Competitive price with good quality
2. Low MOQ (200pcs is even acceptable in some special conditions)
3. Short lead time (7-30days according to order qty)
4. Customized size and spec /OEM available
C.Materials Available
1. Stainless Steel: SS201, SS303, SS304, SS316 etc.
2. Carbon Steel: AISI 1045, 9SMnPb28 etc
3. Brass:C36000 (C26800), C37700 (HPb59), C38500(HPb58), C27200(CuZn37), C28000(CuZn40) etc.
4. Bronze: C51000, C52100, C54400, etc.
5. Iron: grey iron and ductile iron
6. Aluminum: 6061, 6063,7075,5052 etc.
D.Processing Method
cnc machining, turning, milling, drilling, grinding, broaching, welding and assembly.
E.Package
suitable for sea and air transportation or as required
F.Small orders accepted
| 1 | Casting material | grey iron, ductile iron, steel, stainless steel, brass, copper, bronze, aluminum, zinc etc |
| 2 | process | sand casting, precision casting, lost wax casting, die casting, forging, stamping, machining etc |
| 3 | machine | lathe, CNC, drilling machine, milling machine, boring machine, planting machine, machining center |
| 4 | tolerance | casting:0.5mm, machining:0.02mm, finish machining:0.005mm |
| 5 | capacity | max diameter:1M, max weight:200KG |
| 6 | surface treatment | powder coating, painting, spraying, galvanization |
| 7 | standard | JIS, ANSI, DIN, BS, GB |
How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.
China OEM Tractor Parts Pto Drive Transmission Shaft for Agriculture Machinery Ce Certificate with Great quality
Product Description
OEM ODM PTO Shaft for Farm Machine and Agriculture Machine
1. Power or torque related to alternating load you require.
2. Cross journal(Universal joint) size which decides torque of a PTO Shaft:
3 Closed overall length (or cross to cross) of a PTO shaft.
4 Tubes or Pipes
FAQ
1. Q: Are your products forged or cast?
A: All of our products are forged.
2. Q: Do you have a CE certificate?
A: Yes, we are CE qualified.
3. Q: What’s the horse power of the pto shaft are available?
A: We provide a full range of pto shaft, ranging from 16HP-200HP.
4. Q: How many splined specification do you have ?
A: We produce 1 1/8″-Z6, 1 3/8″-Z6, 1 3/4″-Z6, 1 3/8″- Z21, 1 3/4″-Z20, 8X42X48X8 and 8X32X38X6 splines.
5. Q: How about the warranty?
A: We guarantee 1 year warranty. With quality problems, we will send you the new products for free within next shipment.
6. Q: What’s your payment terms?
A: T/T, L/C, D/A, D/P….
7. Q: What is the delivery time?
A: 30 days after receiving your advanced deposit.
8. Q: What’s your MOQ?
A: 50 PCS for each type.
Applications of Spline Couplings
A spline coupling is a highly effective means of connecting 2 or more components. These types of couplings are very efficient, as they combine linear motion with rotation, and their efficiency makes them a desirable choice in numerous applications. Read on to learn more about the main characteristics and applications of spline couplings. You will also be able to determine the predicted operation and wear. You can easily design your own couplings by following the steps outlined below.
Optimal design
The spline coupling plays an important role in transmitting torque. It consists of a hub and a shaft with splines that are in surface contact without relative motion. Because they are connected, their angular velocity is the same. The splines can be designed with any profile that minimizes friction. Because they are in contact with each other, the load is not evenly distributed, concentrating on a small area, which can deform the hub surface.
Optimal spline coupling design takes into account several factors, including weight, material characteristics, and performance requirements. In the aeronautics industry, weight is an important design factor. S.A.E. and ANSI tables do not account for weight when calculating the performance requirements of spline couplings. Another critical factor is space. Spline couplings may need to fit in tight spaces, or they may be subject to other configuration constraints.
Optimal design of spline couplers may be characterized by an odd number of teeth. However, this is not always the case. If the external spline’s outer diameter exceeds a certain threshold, the optimal spline coupling model may not be an optimal choice for this application. To optimize a spline coupling for a specific application, the user may need to consider the sizing method that is most appropriate for their application.
Once a design is generated, the next step is to test the resulting spline coupling. The system must check for any design constraints and validate that it can be produced using modern manufacturing techniques. The resulting spline coupling model is then exported to an optimisation tool for further analysis. The method enables a designer to easily manipulate the design of a spline coupling and reduce its weight.
The spline coupling model 20 includes the major structural features of a spline coupling. A product model software program 10 stores default values for each of the spline coupling’s specifications. The resulting spline model is then calculated in accordance with the algorithm used in the present invention. The software allows the designer to enter the spline coupling’s radii, thickness, and orientation.
Characteristics
An important aspect of aero-engine splines is the load distribution among the teeth. The researchers have performed experimental tests and have analyzed the effect of lubrication conditions on the coupling behavior. Then, they devised a theoretical model using a Ruiz parameter to simulate the actual working conditions of spline couplings. This model explains the wear damage caused by the spline couplings by considering the influence of friction, misalignment, and other conditions that are relevant to the splines’ performance.
In order to design a spline coupling, the user first inputs the design criteria for sizing load carrying sections, including the external spline 40 of the spline coupling model 30. Then, the user specifies torque margin performance requirement specifications, such as the yield limit, plastic buckling, and creep buckling. The software program then automatically calculates the size and configuration of the load carrying sections and the shaft. These specifications are then entered into the model software program 10 as specification values.
Various spline coupling configuration specifications are input on the GUI screen 80. The software program 10 then generates a spline coupling model by storing default values for the various specifications. The user then can manipulate the spline coupling model by modifying its various specifications. The final result will be a computer-aided design that enables designers to optimize spline couplings based on their performance and design specifications.
The spline coupling model software program continually evaluates the validity of spline coupling models for a particular application. For example, if a user enters a data value signal corresponding to a parameter signal, the software compares the value of the signal entered to the corresponding value in the knowledge base. If the values are outside the specifications, a warning message is displayed. Once this comparison is completed, the spline coupling model software program outputs a report with the results.
Various spline coupling design factors include weight, material properties, and performance requirements. Weight is 1 of the most important design factors, particularly in the aeronautics field. ANSI and S.A.E. tables do not consider these factors when calculating the load characteristics of spline couplings. Other design requirements may also restrict the configuration of a spline coupling.
Applications
Spline couplings are a type of mechanical joint that connects 2 rotating shafts. Its 2 parts engage teeth that transfer load. Although splines are commonly over-dimensioned, they are still prone to fatigue and static behavior. These properties also make them prone to wear and tear. Therefore, proper design and selection are vital to minimize wear and tear on splines. There are many applications of spline couplings.
A key design is based on the size of the shaft being joined. This allows for the proper spacing of the keys. A novel method of hobbing allows for the formation of tapered bases without interference, and the root of the keys is concentric with the axis. These features enable for high production rates. Various applications of spline couplings can be found in various industries. To learn more, read on.
FE based methodology can predict the wear rate of spline couplings by including the evolution of the coefficient of friction. This method can predict fretting wear from simple round-on-flat geometry, and has been calibrated with experimental data. The predicted wear rate is reasonable compared to the experimental data. Friction evolution in spline couplings depends on the spline geometry. It is also crucial to consider the lubrication condition of the splines.
Using a spline coupling reduces backlash and ensures proper alignment of mated components. The shaft’s splined tooth form transfers rotation from the splined shaft to the internal splined member, which may be a gear or other rotary device. A spline coupling’s root strength and torque requirements determine the type of spline coupling that should be used.
The spline root is usually flat and has a crown on 1 side. The crowned spline has a symmetrical crown at the centerline of the face-width of the spline. As the spline length decreases toward the ends, the teeth are becoming thinner. The tooth diameter is measured in pitch. This means that the male spline has a flat root and a crowned spline.
Predictability
Spindle couplings are used in rotating machinery to connect 2 shafts. They are composed of 2 parts with teeth that engage each other and transfer load. Spline couplings are commonly over-dimensioned and are prone to static and fatigue behavior. Wear phenomena are also a common problem with splines. To address these issues, it is essential to understand the behavior and predictability of these couplings.
Dynamic behavior of spline-rotor couplings is often unclear, particularly if the system is not integrated with the rotor. For example, when a misalignment is not present, the main response frequency is 1 X-rotating speed. As the misalignment increases, the system starts to vibrate in complex ways. Furthermore, as the shaft orbits depart from the origin, the magnitudes of all the frequencies increase. Thus, research results are useful in determining proper design and troubleshooting of rotor systems.
The model of misaligned spline couplings can be obtained by analyzing the stress-compression relationships between 2 spline pairs. The meshing force model of splines is a function of the system mass, transmitting torque, and dynamic vibration displacement. This model holds when the dynamic vibration displacement is small. Besides, the CZPT stepping integration method is stable and has high efficiency.
The slip distributions are a function of the state of lubrication, coefficient of friction, and loading cycles. The predicted wear depths are well within the range of measured values. These predictions are based on the slip distributions. The methodology predicts increased wear under lightly lubricated conditions, but not under added lubrication. The lubrication condition and coefficient of friction are the key factors determining the wear behavior of splines.
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How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings
There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
Involute splines
An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
Stiffness of coupling
The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.
Misalignment
To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
Wear and fatigue failure
The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.